LIST OF WARS: DETAILS
Spanish Civil War
Also called: Guerra Civil
Battle deaths: 466,300 [1]
Nation(s) involved and/or conflict territory [note]
Spain, Germany, , Italy
The war took place between July 1936 and April 1939 (although the political situation had already been violent for several years before) and ended in the defeat of the Republicans, resulting in the fascist dictatorship of Francisco Franco. The number of casualties is disputed; estimates generally suggest that between 500,000 and 1,000,000 people were killed. Many of these deaths, however, were results not of military fighting, but were the outcome of brutal mass executions perpetrated by both sides. Many Spanish intellectuals and artists (including many of the Spanish Generation of 1927) were either killed or forced into exile; also thousands of priests and religious people (including several Bishops) were killed; the more military-inclined often found fame and fortune. The Spanish economy needed decades to recover (see Spanish miracle).
The political and emotional repercussions of the war reverberated far beyond the boundaries of Spain and sparked passion among international intellectual and political communities. Republican sympathizers proclaimed it as a struggle between "tyranny and democracy", or "fascism and liberty". Franco’s supporters, on the other hand, viewed it as a battle between the "red hordes" (of communism and anarchism) and "civilization". However, these dichotomies were inevitably over-simplifications: both sides had varied, and often conflicting, ideologies within their ranks.
The military tactics of the war foreshadowed many of the actions of World War II.
SOURCES: FATALITY DATA
Notes on fatalities
[1] Battle deaths: Correlates of War, Intra-State War Data v4.1
NOTE ON NATION DATA
NOTE! Nation data for this war may be inconlusive or incomplete. In most cases it reflects which nations were involved with troops in this war, but in some it may instead reflect the contested territory.
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